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What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources over the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining physical data centers and servers, you can access technology services, such as computing power, storage, and databases, on an as-needed basis from a cloud provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Types of cloud computing

The three main types of cloud computing include Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Software as a Service. Each type of cloud computing provides different levels of control, flexibility, and management so that you can select the right set of services for your needs. 

Cloud computing models

Although definitions vary from company to company, traditionally there have been three main models for cloud computing. Each model represents a different aspect of cloud computing.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS contains the basic building blocks for cloud IT. It typically provides access to networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware), and data storage space. IaaS gives you the highest level of flexibility and management control over your IT resources. It is most similar to the existing IT resources with which many IT departments and developers are familiar. 

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS removes the need for you to manage underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems), and allows you to focus on the deployment and management of your applications. This helps you be more efficient as you don’t need to worry about resource procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the other undifferentiated heavy lifting involved in running your application. 

Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS provides you with a complete product that is run and managed by the service provider. In most cases, people referring to SaaS are referring to end-user applications (such as web-based email). With a SaaS offering, you don’t have to think about how the service is maintained or how the underlying infrastructure is managed. You only need to think about how you will use that particular software. 

IT deployment models

AWS Global Infrastructure

The most secure, extensive, and reliable Global Cloud Infrastructure, for all your applications

🌍AWS Regions and Availability Zones (AZs)

The foundation of the AWS Cloud Infrastructure lies in its Availability Zones and AWS Regions.

• An AWS Region corresponds to a geographical area housing multiple Availability Zones.

• Each Availability Zone comprises one or more separate data centers, each equipped with sufficient power, network setup, and reliable connections within distinct zones.

🟩 1. Region:

An AWS Region is a geographic area (like a country or part of a continent) that contains multiple isolated data centers.

• Each region is physically separate from others.
• Examples:
  • us-east-1 → North Virginia (USA)
  • ap-south-1 → Mumbai (India)
  • eu-west-1 → Ireland

🔑 Why Regions matter:

• You choose regions based on proximity to users, compliance, latency, or cost.
• Data does not automatically replicate across regions.

🟨 2. Availability Zone (AZ):

An Availability Zone is one or more data centers within a Region that are isolated from failures but connected with low-latency links.

• Each region has at least 2–3 AZs (some have more).
• AZs are labeled a, b, c, etc., like:
  • us-east-1a, us-east-1b, etc.

🔑 Why AZs matter:

• You deploy across multiple AZs for high availability.
• If one AZ fails (e.g., due to power outage), others keep running.

AWS Benifits

Consumers choose AWS to enhance agility, reduce complexity, and mitigate
risks, as it provides a wide range of services that can be easily configured.

AWS Core Services

Amazon offers various services that are broadly categorized into the following categories:

Compute Storage, Database, Analytics, Networking, Mobile, Developer tools, IoT, Security, Management tools, Enterprise applications